Astronomers from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) have identified a significant connection between lithium-rich red giant stars and their increased helium abundance. This breakthrough was made through meticulous research that utilized data from the Himalayan Chandra Telescope along with historical data from other astronomical sources. The findings offer new insights into the evolutionary pathways of cool giant stars during their red giant phase. Helium, known as the second most prevalent element after hydrogen, is pivotal for accurately gauging the abundances of other vital elements. This understanding is essential for deciphering the structure and evolutionary history of both individual stars and the universe at large. Due to the challenges presented by indirect measurement methods — as helium does not produce observable spectral lines at the surface temperatures of cooler stars, including our Sun — astronomers must infer helium abundance by analyzing structural and evolutionary changes in stars. A notable relationship exists in which a decrease in hydrogen correlates with an increase in helium abundance. As part of their methodology, the researchers assessed hydrogen levels by comparing magnesium abundances gathered from both atomic and molecular spectral lines. This deviation from the standard hydrogen value was then linked to helium abundance using model atmospheres built for varying hydrogen-to-helium ratios. This approach has previously proven effective in assessing the helium levels of our Sun. The study specifically examined a sample comprising 18 red giant stars and two supergiant stars to explore the relationship between lithium and helium abundances. High-resolution spectra were mostly acquired from the Himalayan Chandra Telescope, located in Hanle, Ladakh, along with data from various international telescopes. The team calculated the effective temperatures, surface gravities, and abundances of 23 different elements by analyzing atomic lines and molecular bands derived from appropriate models. They found that of the 20 stars examined, six exhibited a helium-to-hydrogen ratio exceeding the standard value of 0.1, which included five red giants and one supergiant. These findings can pave the way for further research on the evolution of cool giant stars and their elemental compositions.